商品编号


TG1021 (Topo I)



品牌


TopoGEN



公司


TopoGEN



公司分类


Cellbased topo assay kits



Size

200 Assays

商品信息




Topoisomerase I/II In Vivo Link Kit (ICE Bioassay) Product Description

TopoGEN
has extensive experience with assays for topoisomerase inhibition in vivo.? These experiments allow the investigator to ascertain whether a novel agent is active against endogenous topo in a chromosomal setting in nuclei.? An important benefit to this analysis is that one can use any tumor cell or tissue in order to establish clinical efficacy of a test drug against a specific tumor cell line.? We use essentially the same basic approach for Topo I as for Topo II.? The methods are based upon physically separating the topo/DNA adducts from free DNA and using antibodies to measure bound topo I or II.? In this analysis, tissue culture cells are treated with a test compound along with negative controls (no drug) and positive controls (with known inhibitors).? The cells are drug treated and rapidly lysed with Sarkosyl which traps some fraction of the endogenous topo on DNA in a covalent cleavage complex.? Following detergent lysis, the lysate is diluted to fully dissociate non-covalent DNA/protein complexes.? Covalent topo/DNA complexes are resolved on a step CsCl gr
ADI
ent (ionic DNA/protein interactions are also prevented by 5 M CsCl).? The gr
ADI
ent resolves DNA, chromatin aggregates, and protein, respectively. Gr
ADI
ents are centrifuged overnight and fractionated.? The amount of topo coincident with the DNA peak is a measure of covalent DNA/topo complexes.? Topo concentration in the DNA peak is determined by imunoblotting using antibody to topo I or II as probe.? In the absence of agents that st
ABI
lize the cleavable complex (etoposide, camptothecin) only low levels of topo are found in the DNA peak; this is particularly obvious with topo II since the type II enzyme is not trapped by this method unless an inhibitor is used.? In contrast, topo I is trapped to a low extent even in the absence of camptothecin.? The ratio of topo at the DNA density and the protein density reflects the relative efficiency of st
ABI
lization of the cleavable complexes.


Kit Contents:

-Camptothecin (supplied lyophilized with TG1021 Top1)
-Etoposide (supplied lyophilized with TG1022 Top2)
-Sarkosyl (20%)
-Antibody to Topoisomerase I (Supplied with TG1021 Top1)
-Antibody to Topoisomerase II (170 kDa form, supplied with TG1022 Top2)
-CsCl Stock Solution
-Detailed Instruction Manual


General Procedures:
An outline of the method is shown below.? Cells to be tested may be a particular cell line, virus infected cell or tumor tissue.? Cells are incubated under conditions that favor endogenous topo activity (defined as physiological conditions conducive to cell growth); thus, the endogenous enzyme is engaging the DNA template in a series of breaking and resealing steps.? Concurrently, central genetic processes such as DNA replication, transcription and repair are ongoing.? The cells are then rapidly lysed with a detergent (sarkosyl).? It is important that lysis be carried out while maintaining the cells at 37° C; if the cells are cooled or manipulated prior to lysis, the cleavage complexes tend to re-ligate and yield negative results (see Trask and Muller, 1988).? The next step requires purification of DNA away from free protein; however, organic extractions or proteinase digestions must be avoided.? We use a step CsCl gr
ADI
ent for this purpose.? The density steps are designed to resolve DNA from free protein and there is quantitative recovery of both. Covalent complexes containing topo and DNA sediment to the position of DNA.? It is known that covalently bound protein can shift the density of DNA in CsCl and the magnitude of the density shift is proportional to the total amount of protein.? In vitro, topo I may produce a density shift of DNA under conditions of stoichiometric excess of protein (data not shown); however, in vivo significantly less protein is coupled to DNA.? In fact, DNA topoisomerase does not cause any density shift of genomic DNA in this analysis (see below) for two reasons.? First, the number of bound topo mecules per DNA molecule is very low and in these gr
ADI
ents, complexes behave like free DNA (vs. DNA/protein adducts).? Second, the gr
ADI
ents are very steep and it is not poss
IBL
e to resolve small density differences anyway.? After CsCl centrifugation, the gr
ADI
ents are fractionated and the amount of bound and free topo is measured by Western blotting using slot or dot blots and antibodies developed by
TopoGEN
.? The ratio of bound/free is a direct measure of the cleavable complex formation in the particular cell system.? We have found that topoisomerases are difficult (if not imposs
IBL
e) to trap as cleavable complexes within cells in the absence of inhibitors; thus, any test compound that results in detection of topo I or II in the DNA peak (see below) is most likely a topo-active agent. The In Vivo Link-Kit then allows the investigator to evaluate a compound for activity against topo I and II in different tissue settings or with virus infected cells.? Finally, it is poss
IBL
e to combine the analysis of topo I and II in the same experiment.? In this case, one can evaluate topoisomerase I inhibition using the antibody to topoisomerase I or topoisomerase II.? Some drugs may conceivably act upon both enzymes (Trask and Muller, 1988).